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1、简介
昨天在阿里云申请了一个免费试用5天的Linux云服务器。 操作系统:Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 5.4 64位。 CPU:1核 内存:512M 硬盘空间:20G 带宽:1Mbps。 今天在这台云服务器上安装了基本环境(JDK、Tomcat和MySQL)。本文主要在阿里云Linux云服务器安装MySQL全过程,以及对安装时遇到的问题进行记录
2、下载MySQL服务器和客户端
访问MySQL的官网,进入其下载页面(http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/#downloads),选择MySQL Community Server,在“Select Platform”下拉框中选择“Oracle & Red Hat Linux 4 & 5”。 因为是64位的操作系统,所以选择下载如下rpm包: (1)MySQL-server-5.6.10-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm:MySQL服务器; (2)MySQL-client-5.6.10-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm:MySQL客户端; (3)MySQL-devel-5.6.10-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm:Mysql开发依赖包。 将这些rpm包通过FTP上传到Linux服务器的某个目录,例如:/root/software。 也可在Linux服务器上通过wget命令取得这些rpm包,Linux命令如下: wget –c http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-server-5.6.10-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm/from/http://cdn.mysql.com wget –c http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-client-5.6.10-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm/from/http://cdn.mysql.com wget –c http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-devel-5.6.10-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm/from/http://cdn.mysql.co
3、安装MySQL服务器和客户端 3.1 安装MySQL服务器
下载完成后使用如下命令开始安装MySQL服务器: rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.10-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm
3.1.1 安装依赖包libaio 在运行第一条安装MySQL服务器时会提示依赖包libaio.so.1没有安装,错误提示如下: error: Failed dependencies: libaio.so.1()(64bit) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.10-1.rhel5.x86_64 libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.1)(64bit) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.10-1.rhel5.x86_64 libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.4)(64bit) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.10-1.rhel5.x86_64 需要使用yum命令快速安装依赖包libaio,运行如下命令: yum install libaio 运行该命令时会发现在这台云服务器上无法通过yum快速安装软件,搜索了一些资料,原来是阿里云安装的是Red Hat5.4的64位系统,但是提供的是CentOS 32位的系统。错误信息参考如下: Setting up Install Process No package libaio available. Nothing to do 网上找到的一个解决方案是将yum替换成CentOS的版本,我尝试了下是可行的。过程如下: (1)通过rpm命令查看有哪些yum包,然后进行卸载 笔者在云服务器进行的操作如下: [root@AY130221101729bc93912 software]# rpm -qa|grep yum yum-3.2.22-20.el5 yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-3.el5 [root@AY130221101729bc93912 software]# rpm -e --nodeps yum-3.2.22-20.el5 warning: /etc/yum.conf saved as /etc/yum.conf.rpmsave [root@AY130221101729bc93912 software]# rpm -e --nodeps yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-3.el5 (2)通过wget命令在163的镜像上下载CentOS的yum包 参考命令如下: wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/yum-3.2.22-40.el5.centos.noarch.rpm wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-4.el5.x86_64.rpm wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/yum-fastestmirror-1.1.16-21.el5.centos.noarch.rpm 说明:可能版本会有一些不同,请大家在http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/下查找yum-3xxx开头、yum-metadata开头和yum-fastestmirror开头的rpm包下载。 (3)安装yum相关的rpm包 使用如下命令安装在(2)中下载的rpm包: rpm -ivh yum-* (4)下载CentOS-Base.repo 找一个CentOS的包资源配置库,名为CentOS-Base.repo,放到/etc/yum.repos.d/路径: [root@AY130221101729bc93912 software]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ [root@AY130221101729bc93912 yum.repos.d]# wget http://www.linuxidc.com/files/2011/05/06/CentOS-Base.repo --2013-02-22 08:58:27-- http://www.linuxidc.com/files/2011/05/06/CentOS-Base.repo Resolving www.linuxidc.com 60.191.129.94 Connecting to www.linuxidc.com|60.191.129.94|:80 connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response 200 OK Length: 1426 (1.4K) [application/octet-stream] Saving to: `CentOS-Base.repo' 100% [==========================================================================================>] 1,426 --.-K/s in 0s 2013-02-22 08:58:28 (124 MB/s) - `CentOS-Base.repo' saved [1426/1426] (5)生成缓存文件到/var/cache/yum目录 [root@AY130221101729bc93912 yum.repos.d]# yum makecache Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors addons | 1.9 kB 00:00 addons/filelists_db | 568 B 00:00 addons/other_db base …… 3641/3641 base 3641/3641 Metadata Cache Created<p align="justify"></p> (6)安装依赖包libaio 第(5)步做完后,此时可以成功运行yum install libaio命令,参考执行情况如下: [root@AY130221101729bc93912 yum.repos.d]# yum install libaio Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies …… Complete
3.1.2 安装MySQL Server的rpm包 依赖包安装完成后,可以执行rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.10-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm包安装MySQL的服务器端。参考执行情况如下(省略了部分内容): [root@AY130221101729bc93912 software]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.10-1.rhel5.x86_64.rpm Preparing ########################################### [100%] 1:MySQL-server ########################################### [100%] 2013-02-22 09:03:18 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). ……. A random root password has been set. You will find it in '/root/.mysql_secret'. 2013-02-22 09:03:25 4132 [Note] Binlog end 2013-02-22 09:03:25 4132 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting. …… 安装完成后会生成root用户的随机密码,请使用“cat /root/.mysql_secret”或类似命令进行查看。 3.2 安装MySQL客户端 服务端安装完成后,使用如下命令安装MySQL客户端,命令如下: rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.5.28-1.rhel5.i386.rpm 3.3 安装MySQL开发依赖包 接着安装MySQL-devel-5.5.28-1.rhel5.i386.rpm,命令如下: rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-5.5.28-1.rhel5.i386.rpm
3.4 MySQL的几个重要目录 (1)数据库目录 /var/lib/mysql/ (2)配置文件 /usr/share/mysql(mysql.server命令及配置文件) (3)相关命令 /usr/bin(mysqladmin mysqldump等命令) (4)启动脚本 /etc/rc.d/init.d/(启动脚本文件mysql的目录) 若想查看MySQL安装到哪个目录,可使用“whereis mysql”命令查看,参考执行结果如下所示: [root@AY130221101729bc93912 mysql]# whereis mysql mysql: /usr/bin/mysql /usr/include/mysql /usr/share/mysql /usr/share/man/man1/mysql.1.gz 3.5 启动MySQL 安装完成后mysql是没有启动的,运行mysql命令会提示如下错误: [root@AY130221101729bc93912 software]# mysql ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' (2) 可使用如下命令启动MySQL: service mysql start 或者使用如下命令: /etc/init.d/mysql start 3.6 登录MySQL 使用mysql命令登录MySQL服务器,运行MySQL的命令时,会提示需要设置root用户密码,提示信息如下: [root@AY130221101729bc93912 mysql]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 5 Server version: 5.6.10 Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must SET PASSWORD before executing this statement 可使用SET PASSWORD命令修改root用户的密码,参考如下: mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('root123456'); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+
3.7 设置开机自启动 设置开机自启动的方法有很多,例如使用chkconfig命令,另外也可以在/etc/rc.local文件中加上如下MySQL的启动命令,例如:/etc/init.d/mysql start 设置完成后重启系统,使用natstat –nat命令可看到MySQL的3306端口: netstat -nat Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:8005 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8009 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
节摘自http://www.blogjava.net/amigoxie/archive/2013/02/22/395605.html
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